full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Luhan Yang: How to create a world where no one dies waiting for a transplant
Unscramble the Blue Letters
Shortly after we reported our study, physicians at Mass grneael Hospital were intrigued by the medical applications of our research. They reached out to us, and together, we began to see the potential to use CRISPR to solve the organ shortage crisis. How do we do it? It is simple, yet very complex. We started by making changes in a pig's cell to make it virus-free and human-immune-compatible. The nucleus of that cell is then implanted into a pig egg and allowed to dviide into an embryo. The resulting embryo is then placed into the uterus of a surrogate mother and aloewld to divide into a pig. Basically, it's a process of cloning. The piglet then craiers organs whose genetic makeup hopefully wouldn't be rcjeeetd by the human inmume system. In 2015, our team dcieded to tackle the varil tomrsnsaisin problem first. We wanted to take out all 62 copies of the PERV virus from the pig genome, but at the time, it was nearly mission impossible. Even with CRISPR, we could only do one or two moiaftocinids within a cell. The record for number of modifications we can do in a particular cell was five. We had to increase the throughput by more than tenfold to achieve that. With very careful design and hundreds of trials, we successfully took out all the virus, broke the record. More importantly, our setdius showed that we could einmailte the possibility of this dnugeoars viurs being transmitted into humans.
Open Cloze
Shortly after we reported our study, physicians at Mass _______ Hospital were intrigued by the medical applications of our research. They reached out to us, and together, we began to see the potential to use CRISPR to solve the organ shortage crisis. How do we do it? It is simple, yet very complex. We started by making changes in a pig's cell to make it virus-free and human-immune-compatible. The nucleus of that cell is then implanted into a pig egg and allowed to ______ into an embryo. The resulting embryo is then placed into the uterus of a surrogate mother and _______ to divide into a pig. Basically, it's a process of cloning. The piglet then _______ organs whose genetic makeup hopefully wouldn't be ________ by the human ______ system. In 2015, our team _______ to tackle the _____ ____________ problem first. We wanted to take out all 62 copies of the PERV virus from the pig genome, but at the time, it was nearly mission impossible. Even with CRISPR, we could only do one or two _____________ within a cell. The record for number of modifications we can do in a particular cell was five. We had to increase the throughput by more than tenfold to achieve that. With very careful design and hundreds of trials, we successfully took out all the virus, broke the record. More importantly, our _______ showed that we could _________ the possibility of this _________ _____ being transmitted into humans.
Solution
- immune
- modifications
- viral
- transmission
- general
- carries
- virus
- studies
- eliminate
- rejected
- dangerous
- allowed
- divide
- decided
Original Text
Shortly after we reported our study, physicians at Mass General Hospital were intrigued by the medical applications of our research. They reached out to us, and together, we began to see the potential to use CRISPR to solve the organ shortage crisis. How do we do it? It is simple, yet very complex. We started by making changes in a pig's cell to make it virus-free and human-immune-compatible. The nucleus of that cell is then implanted into a pig egg and allowed to divide into an embryo. The resulting embryo is then placed into the uterus of a surrogate mother and allowed to divide into a pig. Basically, it's a process of cloning. The piglet then carries organs whose genetic makeup hopefully wouldn't be rejected by the human immune system. In 2015, our team decided to tackle the viral transmission problem first. We wanted to take out all 62 copies of the PERV virus from the pig genome, but at the time, it was nearly mission impossible. Even with CRISPR, we could only do one or two modifications within a cell. The record for number of modifications we can do in a particular cell was five. We had to increase the throughput by more than tenfold to achieve that. With very careful design and hundreds of trials, we successfully took out all the virus, broke the record. More importantly, our studies showed that we could eliminate the possibility of this dangerous virus being transmitted into humans.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
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collocation |
frequency |
immune system |
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genetic makeup |
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lifesaving organ |
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kidney failure |
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enzyme crispr |
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organ shortage |
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Important Words
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